Business organizations in their work environment, aspire to create a high level of performance and low levels of absenteeism and turnover. Organizational commitment is considered a key factor in achieving this objective, however, it can be conditioned by several factors, among which is the psychological contract. The literature has related the organizational commitment with the fulfillment of the psychological contract framing it as one of the explanatory variables. This work aims to investigate research trends on psychological contract and organizational commitment. (...) For this purpose, bibliometric techniques and the software SciMAT have been used. 220 journal articles indexed in Web of Science (WoS) were analyzed. The findings indicate that the theme chosen for this review is valid. Based on the relationship between the two concepts, as the most recurrent themes, issues such as the sense of justice and the consequences of the violation of the psychological contract, normative commitment, HR management or job insecurity are addressed. However, in the last period analyzed (2015–2018), publications related to more sensitive topics to the present time emerge, such as the employability or the impact of these two concepts in the new generations (millennial and generation-Y) or the retention of talent. On the other hand, shortcomings are detected in the research on the ideologically charged psychological contract, the analysis of the organizational context or cultural and demographic factors in relation to both theoretical constructs. The contribution of this work lies in giving visibility to scientific results, which will serve business organizations as instruments for decision making in their labor management and, for the scientific community, as knowledge of the research spaces to explore. (shrink)

Code-based cryptography is currently the second most promising post-quantum mathematical tool for quantum-resistant algorithms. Since in 2022 the first post-quantum standard Key Encapsulation Mechanism, Kyber (a latticed-based algorithm), was selected to be established as standard, and after that the National Institute of Standards and Technology post-quantum standardization call focused in code-based cryptosystems. Three of the four candidates that remain in the fourth round are code-based algorithms. In fact, the only non-code-based algorithm (SIKE) is now considered vulnerable. Due to this landscape, (...) it is crucial to update previous results about these algorithms and their functioning. The Fujisaki-Okamoto transformation is a key part of the study of post-quantum algorithms and in this work we focus our analysis on Classic McEliece, BIKE and HQC proposals, and how they apply this transformation to obtain IND-CCA semantic security. Since after security the most important parameter in the evaluation of the algorithms is performance, we have compared the performance of the code-based algorithms of the NIST call considering the same architecture for all of them. (shrink)

With the advent of the cloud computing model allowing a shared access to massive computing facilities, a surging demand emerges for the protection of the intellectual property tied to the programs executed on these uncontrolled systems. If novel paradigm as confidential computing aims at protecting the data manipulated during the execution, obfuscating techniques (in particular at the source code level) remain a popular solution to conceal the purpose of a program or its logic without altering its functionality, thus preventing reverse-engineering (...) on the program even with the help of computing resources. The many advantages of code obfuscation, together with its low cost, makes it a popular technique. This paper proposes a novel methodology for source code obfuscation that can be used together with other traditional obfuscation techniques, making the code more robust against reverse engineering attacks. Three program complexity metrics are used to define three different single-objective combinatorial optimization versions of the problem, which are solved and analysed. Additionally, three multi-objective problems are defined, those considering each of the selected metrics together with the program execution time, in order to avoid strong obfuscations penalizing the performance. The goal of the defined problems is to find sequences of LLVM optimizations that lead to highly obfuscated versions of the original code. These transformations are applied to the back-end pseudo-assembly code (i.e., LLVM Intermediate Representation), thus avoiding any further optimizations by the compiler. Classical genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to solve the studied problems, namely a basic cellular GA for the single-objective problems and the popular NSGA-II for the multi-objective ones. The promising results show the potential of the proposed technique. (shrink)

San Juan de Ávila (1499-1569), predicador, reformador, director de almas, pero al mismo tiempo eminente teólogo pastoral que lideró la Contrarreforma española. El pensamiento del Apóstol de Andalucía sobre la Iglesia está formado por la riqueza de elementos pneumatológicos que aparecen en sus escritos. Esto hace que su visión del Misterio de la Iglesia sea intensamente dinámica, mostrando además que el Espíritu Santo, como alma y fuerza interior de la Iglesia, es quien sostiene y garantiza su Misión en el (...) mundo. (shrink)

Turing was an exceptional mathematician with a peculiar and fascinating personality and yet he remains largely unknown. In fact, he might be considered the father of the von Neumann architecture computer and the pioneer of Artificial Intelligence. And all thanks to his machines; both those that Church called “Turing machines” and the a-, c-, o-, unorganized- and p-machines, which gave rise to evolutionary computations and genetic programming as well as connectionism and learning. This paper looks at all of these and (...) at why he is such an often overlooked and misunderstood figure. (shrink)

To survive and be successful in today's setting of globalisation and complexity, companies are obliged to think in wider strategic terms, developing active and enterprising strategies that include social, political and ecological elements, besides the economic ones. The analysis of the relationship between companies and society is especially interesting when these companies operate in international markets. Countries demand that large corporations contribute to local, regional and national development in such a way that their resources are exchanged for a significant increase (...) in their citizens' quality of life. Faced with that fact, the aim of this work is to establish what actions the subsidiaries will take in order to offer a response to the needs of their stakeholders in the host countries. Secondly, we attempt to identify the factors explaining the different levels of social response of the subsidiaries established in a particular country by different parent companies. The empirical study was carried out on a sample of Spanish subsidiaries in the two manufacturing industries with most foreign investment (the chemical and automobile industries) and the results obtained both confirmed the validity of the tool used to measure social response and permitted us to determine which factors influence the institutionalisation of social responsiveness. (shrink)

En este artículo analizamos los límites intrínsecos de nociones como la «dignidad humana» y otros análogos interculturales a la luz de la asimetría ineludible que imponen las reglas inherentes de inclusión, exclusión y jerarquía de todo lenguaje. En este marco, analizamos la excepcionalidad que supone la dignidad humana para el concepto mismo de los derechos humanos. Sobre esa base, sostenemos que es imperativo mantener diferenciados los privilegios que reconocemos a los animales humanos, de los derechos que reconocemos a otros animales (...) no humanos, sin que ello implique argumentar en desmedro de estos últimos. Finalmente, en el marco del análisis epistemológico y lingüístico, reconocemos el carácter paradójico e ineludible de los derechos humanos, que impone «violentamente» un orden de sentido que, en última instancia, parecen fundarse en la exclusiva voluntad del legislador. (shrink)

Several studies have examined victim blaming in rape scenarios. However, there is limited research on the analysis of the perception of blame when two or more perpetrators are involved. The present article explores the perception of blame in cases involving rape based on the level of resistance shown by the victim and the presence of one or more perpetrators. A study was carried out involving 351 university students who responded to a survey after reading a hypothetical assault scenario. Six situations (...) were established where the victim showed either low or high resistance, depending on whether the resistance was verbal or physical and verbal, and in the presence of one or two male perpetrators. It is expected that perpetrators are more culpable when acting in groups and that less resistance from the victim leads to greater attribution of blame. The results confirm that more blame is attributed to the perpetrators when they act in groups than when they act alone. Likewise, women consider the victim generally exerts greater resistance and this variable influences the attribution of greater blame. (shrink)

José María Díez-Alegría (1911-2010) forma parte de la historia de España, como jesuita, intelectual y pensador que ha creado unos vínculos especiales entre la fe y la política, tomando conciencia de la explotación que sufrían los obreros y de su alejamiento de la Iglesia. Intentó durante más de medio siglo romper, desde la Filosofía, el Derecho, la Ética, la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, la manera que tenía la Iglesia jerárquica de entender la libertad de conciencia, la opción preferencial por (...) los más pobres, las relaciones cristianismo/ marxismo. La afirmación fundamental es que los bienes de la tierra son comunes a todos los hombres. Es una tradición unánime desde el principio mismo de la era patrística. Los Santos Padres ven la institución de la propiedad privada, si ha de ser legítima desde el punto de vista ético, una función de administración solidaria por lo que el lujo es proscrito. A esta relación fundamental de dominio corresponde inseparablemente y en rigurosa correlación, de carácter ético y metafísico, el derecho fundamental de participar en el dominio de los bienes, con carácter personal y esto exige que estén al servicio de la dignidad y libertad. Por tanto, la ideología capitalista está en radical oposición al espíritu del cristianismo, ya que se funda en la negación de la autarkeia. (shrink)

The state of computing science and, particularly, software engineering and knowledge engineering is generally considered immature. The best starting point for achieving a mature engineering discipline is a solid scientific theory, and the primary reason behind the immaturity in these fields is precisely that computing science still has no such agreed upon underlying theory. As theories in other fields of science do, this paper formally establishes the fundamental elements and postulates making up a first attempt at a theory in this (...) field, considering the features and peculiarities of computing science. The fundamental elements of this approach are informons and holons, and it is a general and comprehensive theory of software engineering and knowledge engineering that related disciplines (e.g., information systems) can particularise and/or extend to take benefit from it (Lakatos’ concepts of core theory and protective belt theories). (shrink)

El problema mente-cerebro tiene importantes repercusiones antropológicas. El autor enfoca el problema desde las claves de la antropología cristiana: el valor absoluto del hombre (imago dei"), la libertad y supervivencia postmortem, que en el cristianismo es de la resurrección. Repasa las soluciones a la relación mente-cerebro incompatibles con el cristianismo, y expone el modo de entenderlo en este ultimo. La mente, entendida de manera no dualista, sino como principio estructurante del cuerpo, posibilita una comprensión del ser humano en sintonía con (...) las convicciones practicas de neustro (la idea de dignidad humana), que las soluciones cientistas en boga no tienen mas remedio que impugnar. (shrink)

En este artículo ofrecemos la historia de Magisterio de “Santa Ana”, erigida en 1962 en el colegio de San Ana de Sevilla y fusionada con la del “Cardenal Spínola” de las Esclavas del Divino Corazón y con la de “San Rafael” de los Salesianos. La primera parte, escrita por los profesores Holgado Barroso y Márquez de la Plata, está dedicada al estudio de la creación de las Escuelas de Magisterio de la Iglesia, a la ley de educación primaria de 1945 (...) y al plan de estudios de 1950. En la segunda parte, el profesor Martín Riego nos ofrece una visión histórica de la Escuela de Magisterio de “Santa Ana”: creación de la misma, edificio, profesores, alumnos, etc. (shrink)

This study focuses on the application of multicriteria decision-making techniques, specifically the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to identify corporate socialresponsibility information which both companies and stakeholders consider relevant and material. This work explains how the AHP methodology was applied in the selection of material indicators in corporate social responsibility reporting, the interpretation of these indicators and their relative importance. The results of this study are summarized in 60 indicators distributed in four areas: environment, economy, corporate governance and social. As this (...) last area contains the greatest number of indicators, it was divided into four sub-areas (human resources, human rights, product responsibility and society). (shrink)

The main objective of the article will be to consider and analyze the process of modernization of the Armed Forces in the last decades of the twentieth century, as well as to highlight the obligatory interdependence between it and the changing political-social and international environment. To this end, attention will be paid to the four main milestones of this process: reorganization of the Spanish defence superstructure; reform of the organization of the armed forces and review of the functions entrusted to (...) them; insertion of Spain into Western defensive alliances, and accommodation of the military justice to the common one. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo vamos a otear el paisaje de la fatalidad que, sin duda, representan los escritos de Cioran, con el objetivo de analizar si es posible una solución afirmativa, al estilo de la música y el arte en Schopenhauer o el vitalismo de Simmel, a la esencia problemática de la existencia humana, lo que significa tratar de dilucidar acerca de si es posible la liberación del sufrimiento en el sujeto o, en caso de no serlo, ver en qué (...) medida podemos mitigar el dolor adoptando otro tipo de filosofías de orden terapéutico frente a otro tipo de filo-sofías de carácter pesimista que abogan por la negación de la vida como es el caso de la filosofía de la redención de Mainländer. (shrink)

El presente artículo pasa revista a las dimensiones hermenéuticas presentes en la filosofía aristotélica, y se detiene en la filosofía moral. El concepto φρόνησις llamó la atención de Heidegger, que acabó aproximándolo al de conciencia (Gewissen), y de Gadamer, que encuentra en él un modelo de los problemas de la aplicación (Anwendung) en la tarea hermenéutica. El propio Gadamer acabará defendiendo el carácter dialogal y hermenéutico de la retórica, que no es más que una forma de la φρόνησις.

El presente estudio se propone iluminar la recepción de la exhortación apostólica Amoris laetitia. Para ello se toma como hilo conductor los tres verbos que aparecen en el capítulo VIII de la misma: acompañar, integrar y discernir, teniendo presente el conjunto de la exhortación. Siguiendo de cerca el vademécum escrito por tres profesores de la sede central del Instituto Teológico Juan Pablo II, consideramos sucesivamente el significado del acompañamiento, la integración y el discernimiento para la pastoral familiar. En el (...) acompañar nos detenemos en el acompañamiento de novios en su preparación próxima, en el acompañamiento de los primeros años de matrimonio, y en el acompañamiento de situaciones difíciles, como tres aspectos singularmente importantes hoy. El retorno a la comunión plena en la Iglesia es el objetivo del camino de la integración que tiene como sujeto a la entera comunidad cristiana. Finalmente, discernir no quiere decir discernir sobre el estado de gracia de una persona, cosa que únicamente le corresponde a Dios, sino que el objeto del discernimiento es triple: el deseo, el vínculo matrimonial y los pasos concretos. (shrink)

El presente trabajo proporciona una perspectiva epistemológica al tratamiento dado por Cabriada a los alimentos. Las referencias a los alimentos en la _Carta Filosófica, Médico-Química_ (1687) son escasas pero relevantes. El examen crítico de los pasajes donde se mencionan determinados productos pone de manifiesto cuál es su interés epistémico para una medicina moderna. El lenguaje tradicional, que distinguía los «alimentos fríos y húmedos» de los «alimentos calientes y secos», deja paso al nuevo lenguaje físico-químico donde se habla de propiedades como (...) la acidez y la salinidad asociadas al movimiento de los átomos y a su configuración. Los cambios afectan también a los remedios, que serán de carácter químico y a base de plantas americanas como la quinaquina. Pese a este cambio, Cabriada no rechaza la medicina antigua en bloque. El incorpora a Hipócrates, que preludia la observación y la experimentación modernas, y rechaza el galenismo tardío (oscuro y confuso) por estar plagado de términos subjetivos. (shrink)

Resumen: Este trabajo investiga las traducciones realizadas por Aphra Behn a partir de la clasificación tripartita que estableció John Dryden entre metáfrasis, paráfrasis e imitación. Behn cultiva la metáfrasis principalmente en sus traducciones de La Rochefoucauld, la paráfrasis en las versiones de Cowley o Tallemant, entre otros; mientras que aplica la imitación a las Fábulas de Esopo. Se constata que Behn rompe con la tradición de traducir principalmente a los autores clásicos, ensanchando los cauces de entrada de literatura moderna en (...) Inglaterra y ampliando las posibilidades de la traducción literaria. Analizando unas muestras, se infiere la manipulación del texto original que la autora realiza en ocasiones, en consonancia con su ideario creativo, generando un texto meta provisto de nuevas resonancias de género y políticas contextualizadas en su época. Asimismo, se deduce que la escritora profesional de la Restauración cultiva la traducción movida, entre otros motivos, por los gustos del naciente mercado literario en cuanto a las novedades del país galo y, por tanto, motivada por un afán comercial.: This paper examines the translations by Aphra Behn based on the tripartite classification that John Dryden established between metaphrase, paraphrase and imitation. Behn employs mainly metaphrase in her translations of La Rochefoucault; paraphrase in her versions of Cowley and Tallemant, among others; while applying the imitation to Aesop's Fables. It is found that Behn breaks with the tradition of translating principally classical authors, broadening channels for the entrance of modern literature into England and expanding the possibilities of literary translation. Analyzing the samples, the author's occasional manipulation of the original text is identified, consonant with her creative ideas and generating a metatext featuring new political and gender resonances contextualized in her era. It is also concluded that the professional writer of the Restoration employs translation spurred by the tastes of the burgeoning literary market, among other factors, shaped by recent developments in France and, as such, motivated by commercial interests. (shrink)